International registry of otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeons with COVID-19.
Identifieur interne : 000C54 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000C53; suivant : 000C55International registry of otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeons with COVID-19.
Auteurs : Leigh J. Sowerby [Canada] ; Kate Stephenson [Royaume-Uni] ; Alexander Dickie [Canada] ; Federico A Di Lella [Argentine] ; Niall Jefferson [Australie] ; Hannah North [Australie] ; R Daniele De Siati [Belgique] ; Rebecca Maunsell [Brésil] ; Michael Herzog [Allemagne] ; Raghu Nandhan [Inde] ; Marilena Trozzi [Italie] ; Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki [Italie] ; Antoine Melkane [Liban] ; Claudio Callejas [Chili] ; Harald Miljeteig [Norvège] ; Diane Smit [Pays-Bas] ; Daniel Dibildox Reynoso [Mexique] ; Joao Eloi Moura [Portugal] ; Ann Hermansson [Suède] ; Shazia Peer [Afrique du Sud] ; Lisa Burnell [Afrique du Sud] ; Nicolas Fakhry [France] ; Carlos Chiesa-Estomba [Espagne] ; Özlem Önerci Çelebi [Turquie] ; Sergei Karpischenko [Russie] ; Steven Sobol [États-Unis] ; Zoukaa Sargi [États-Unis] ; Zara M. Patel [États-Unis]Source :
- International forum of allergy & rhinology [ 2042-6984 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
It has become clear that healthcare workers are at high risk, and otolaryngology has been theorized to be among the highest risk specialties for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this study was to detail the international impact of COVID-19 among otolaryngologists, and to identify instructional cases.
METHODS
Country representatives of the Young Otolaryngologists-International Federation of Otolaryngologic Societies (YO-IFOS) surveyed otolaryngologists through various channels. Nationwide surveys were distributed in 19 countries. The gray literature and social media channels were searched to identify reported deaths of otolaryngologists from COVID-19.
RESULTS
A total of 361 otolaryngologists were identified to have had COVID-19, and data for 325 surgeons was available for analysis. The age range was 25 to 84 years, with one-half under the age of 44 years. There were 24 deaths in the study period, with 83% over age 55 years. Source of infection was likely clinical activity in 175 (54%) cases. Prolonged exposure to a colleague was the source for 37 (11%) surgeons. Six instructional cases were identified where infections occurred during the performance of aerosol-generating operations (tracheostomy, mastoidectomy, epistaxis control, dacryocystorhinostomy, and translabyrinthine resection). In 3 of these cases, multiple operating room attendees were infected, and in 2, the surgeon succumbed to complications of COVID-19.
CONCLUSION
The etiology of reported cases within the otolaryngology community appear to stem equally from clinical activity and community spread. Multiple procedures performed by otolaryngologists are aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and great care should be taken to protect the surgical team before, during, and after these operations.
DOI: 10.1002/alr.22677
PubMed: 32735062
Affiliations:
- Afrique du Sud, Allemagne, Argentine, Australie, Belgique, Brésil, Canada, Chili, Espagne, France, Inde, Italie, Liban, Mexique, Norvège, Pays-Bas, Portugal, Royaume-Uni, Russie, Suède, Turquie, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Californie, Floride, Latium, Midlands de l'Ouest, Pennsylvanie, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Utrecht (province)
- Birmingham, Bruxelles, Marseille, Rome, Utrecht
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Lella, Federico A Di" sort="Lella, Federico A Di" uniqKey="Lella F" first="Federico A Di" last="Lella">Federico A Di Lella</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Jefferson, Niall" sort="Jefferson, Niall" uniqKey="Jefferson N" first="Niall" last="Jefferson">Niall Jefferson</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
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<author><name sortKey="North, Hannah" sort="North, Hannah" uniqKey="North H" first="Hannah" last="North">Hannah North</name>
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<author><name sortKey="De Siati, R Daniele" sort="De Siati, R Daniele" uniqKey="De Siati R" first="R Daniele" last="De Siati">R Daniele De Siati</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Saint-Luc University Hospital, University of Louvain, Brussels</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Maunsell, Rebecca" sort="Maunsell, Rebecca" uniqKey="Maunsell R" first="Rebecca" last="Maunsell">Rebecca Maunsell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Campinas</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Herzog, Michael" sort="Herzog, Michael" uniqKey="Herzog M" first="Michael" last="Herzog">Michael Herzog</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Carl-Thiem-Klinikum, Cottbus, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Carl-Thiem-Klinikum, Cottbus</wicri:regionArea>
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<wicri:noRegion>Cottbus</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Nandhan, Raghu" sort="Nandhan, Raghu" uniqKey="Nandhan R" first="Raghu" last="Nandhan">Raghu Nandhan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Madras ENT Research Foundation, Chennai, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Madras ENT Research Foundation, Chennai</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Trozzi, Marilena" sort="Trozzi, Marilena" uniqKey="Trozzi M" first="Marilena" last="Trozzi">Marilena Trozzi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Airway Surgery Unit, Pediatric Surgery Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Airway Surgery Unit, Pediatric Surgery Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Dehgani Mobaraki, Puya" sort="Dehgani Mobaraki, Puya" uniqKey="Dehgani Mobaraki P" first="Puya" last="Dehgani-Mobaraki">Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Association "Naso Sano" Onlus, Umbria Regional Registry of Volunteer Activities, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Gubbio-Gualdo Tadino Hospital, Perugia, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Association "Naso Sano" Onlus, Umbria Regional Registry of Volunteer Activities, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Gubbio-Gualdo Tadino Hospital, Perugia</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Perugia</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Melkane, Antoine" sort="Melkane, Antoine" uniqKey="Melkane A" first="Antoine" last="Melkane">Antoine Melkane</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Beirut</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Callejas, Claudio" sort="Callejas, Claudio" uniqKey="Callejas C" first="Claudio" last="Callejas">Claudio Callejas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Santiago</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miljeteig, Harald" sort="Miljeteig, Harald" uniqKey="Miljeteig H" first="Harald" last="Miljeteig">Harald Miljeteig</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Norwegian Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nesttun, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Norwegian Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nesttun</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nesttun</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smit, Diane" sort="Smit, Diane" uniqKey="Smit D" first="Diane" last="Smit">Diane Smit</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Reynoso, Daniel Dibildox" sort="Reynoso, Daniel Dibildox" uniqKey="Reynoso D" first="Daniel Dibildox" last="Reynoso">Daniel Dibildox Reynoso</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology Hospital Medica Sur, Mexico, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology Hospital Medica Sur, Mexico</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Mexico</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moura, Joao Eloi" sort="Moura, Joao Eloi" uniqKey="Moura J" first="Joao Eloi" last="Moura">Joao Eloi Moura</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hermansson, Ann" sort="Hermansson, Ann" uniqKey="Hermansson A" first="Ann" last="Hermansson">Ann Hermansson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology, Lund University, Lund</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lund</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peer, Shazia" sort="Peer, Shazia" uniqKey="Peer S" first="Shazia" last="Peer">Shazia Peer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Burnell, Lisa" sort="Burnell, Lisa" uniqKey="Burnell L" first="Lisa" last="Burnell">Lisa Burnell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ENT Morningside, Morningside Mediclinic, Sandton, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>ENT Morningside, Morningside Mediclinic, Sandton, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Johannesburg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fakhry, Nicolas" sort="Fakhry, Nicolas" uniqKey="Fakhry N" first="Nicolas" last="Fakhry">Nicolas Fakhry</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Marseille Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Marseille Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region>
<region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region>
<settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chiesa Estomba, Carlos" sort="Chiesa Estomba, Carlos" uniqKey="Chiesa Estomba C" first="Carlos" last="Chiesa-Estomba">Carlos Chiesa-Estomba</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Donostia, San Sebastian</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>San Sebastian</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Onerci Celebi, Ozlem" sort="Onerci Celebi, Ozlem" uniqKey="Onerci Celebi O" first="Özlem" last="Önerci Çelebi">Özlem Önerci Çelebi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Istanbul</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Karpischenko, Sergei" sort="Karpischenko, Sergei" uniqKey="Karpischenko S" first="Sergei" last="Karpischenko">Sergei Karpischenko</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology, Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, First Pavlov State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology, Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, First Pavlov State Medical University, Saint Petersburg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Saint Petersburg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sobol, Steven" sort="Sobol, Steven" uniqKey="Sobol S" first="Steven" last="Sobol">Steven Sobol</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sargi, Zoukaa" sort="Sargi, Zoukaa" uniqKey="Sargi Z" first="Zoukaa" last="Sargi">Zoukaa Sargi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami, FL.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Floride</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Patel, Zara M" sort="Patel, Zara M" uniqKey="Patel Z" first="Zara M" last="Patel">Zara M. Patel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<author><name sortKey="Sowerby, Leigh J" sort="Sowerby, Leigh J" uniqKey="Sowerby L" first="Leigh J" last="Sowerby">Leigh J. Sowerby</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Stephenson, Kate" sort="Stephenson, Kate" uniqKey="Stephenson K" first="Kate" last="Stephenson">Kate Stephenson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Birmingham</settlement>
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<author><name sortKey="Dickie, Alexander" sort="Dickie, Alexander" uniqKey="Dickie A" first="Alexander" last="Dickie">Alexander Dickie</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>ON</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lella, Federico A Di" sort="Lella, Federico A Di" uniqKey="Lella F" first="Federico A Di" last="Lella">Federico A Di Lella</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jefferson, Niall" sort="Jefferson, Niall" uniqKey="Jefferson N" first="Niall" last="Jefferson">Niall Jefferson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, John Hunter Adult and Children's' Hospitals, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, John Hunter Adult and Children's' Hospitals, Newcastle, NSW</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NSW</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="North, Hannah" sort="North, Hannah" uniqKey="North H" first="Hannah" last="North">Hannah North</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital Westmead and Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital Westmead and Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NSW</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Siati, R Daniele" sort="De Siati, R Daniele" uniqKey="De Siati R" first="R Daniele" last="De Siati">R Daniele De Siati</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Saint-Luc University Hospital, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Saint-Luc University Hospital, University of Louvain, Brussels</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maunsell, Rebecca" sort="Maunsell, Rebecca" uniqKey="Maunsell R" first="Rebecca" last="Maunsell">Rebecca Maunsell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Campinas</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Herzog, Michael" sort="Herzog, Michael" uniqKey="Herzog M" first="Michael" last="Herzog">Michael Herzog</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Carl-Thiem-Klinikum, Cottbus, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Carl-Thiem-Klinikum, Cottbus</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cottbus</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Cottbus</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Cottbus</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nandhan, Raghu" sort="Nandhan, Raghu" uniqKey="Nandhan R" first="Raghu" last="Nandhan">Raghu Nandhan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Madras ENT Research Foundation, Chennai, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Madras ENT Research Foundation, Chennai</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Chennai</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Trozzi, Marilena" sort="Trozzi, Marilena" uniqKey="Trozzi M" first="Marilena" last="Trozzi">Marilena Trozzi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Airway Surgery Unit, Pediatric Surgery Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Airway Surgery Unit, Pediatric Surgery Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Latium</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dehgani Mobaraki, Puya" sort="Dehgani Mobaraki, Puya" uniqKey="Dehgani Mobaraki P" first="Puya" last="Dehgani-Mobaraki">Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Association "Naso Sano" Onlus, Umbria Regional Registry of Volunteer Activities, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Gubbio-Gualdo Tadino Hospital, Perugia, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Association "Naso Sano" Onlus, Umbria Regional Registry of Volunteer Activities, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Gubbio-Gualdo Tadino Hospital, Perugia</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Perugia</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Melkane, Antoine" sort="Melkane, Antoine" uniqKey="Melkane A" first="Antoine" last="Melkane">Antoine Melkane</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Beirut</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Callejas, Claudio" sort="Callejas, Claudio" uniqKey="Callejas C" first="Claudio" last="Callejas">Claudio Callejas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Santiago</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miljeteig, Harald" sort="Miljeteig, Harald" uniqKey="Miljeteig H" first="Harald" last="Miljeteig">Harald Miljeteig</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Norwegian Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nesttun, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Norwegian Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nesttun</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nesttun</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smit, Diane" sort="Smit, Diane" uniqKey="Smit D" first="Diane" last="Smit">Diane Smit</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reynoso, Daniel Dibildox" sort="Reynoso, Daniel Dibildox" uniqKey="Reynoso D" first="Daniel Dibildox" last="Reynoso">Daniel Dibildox Reynoso</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology Hospital Medica Sur, Mexico, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology Hospital Medica Sur, Mexico</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Mexico</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moura, Joao Eloi" sort="Moura, Joao Eloi" uniqKey="Moura J" first="Joao Eloi" last="Moura">Joao Eloi Moura</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Coimbra</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hermansson, Ann" sort="Hermansson, Ann" uniqKey="Hermansson A" first="Ann" last="Hermansson">Ann Hermansson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology, Lund University, Lund</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lund</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peer, Shazia" sort="Peer, Shazia" uniqKey="Peer S" first="Shazia" last="Peer">Shazia Peer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Burnell, Lisa" sort="Burnell, Lisa" uniqKey="Burnell L" first="Lisa" last="Burnell">Lisa Burnell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ENT Morningside, Morningside Mediclinic, Sandton, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>ENT Morningside, Morningside Mediclinic, Sandton, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Johannesburg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fakhry, Nicolas" sort="Fakhry, Nicolas" uniqKey="Fakhry N" first="Nicolas" last="Fakhry">Nicolas Fakhry</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Marseille Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Marseille Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region>
<region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region>
<settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chiesa Estomba, Carlos" sort="Chiesa Estomba, Carlos" uniqKey="Chiesa Estomba C" first="Carlos" last="Chiesa-Estomba">Carlos Chiesa-Estomba</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Donostia, San Sebastian</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>San Sebastian</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Onerci Celebi, Ozlem" sort="Onerci Celebi, Ozlem" uniqKey="Onerci Celebi O" first="Özlem" last="Önerci Çelebi">Özlem Önerci Çelebi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Istanbul</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Karpischenko, Sergei" sort="Karpischenko, Sergei" uniqKey="Karpischenko S" first="Sergei" last="Karpischenko">Sergei Karpischenko</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology, Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, First Pavlov State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology, Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, First Pavlov State Medical University, Saint Petersburg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Saint Petersburg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sobol, Steven" sort="Sobol, Steven" uniqKey="Sobol S" first="Steven" last="Sobol">Steven Sobol</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sargi, Zoukaa" sort="Sargi, Zoukaa" uniqKey="Sargi Z" first="Zoukaa" last="Sargi">Zoukaa Sargi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami, FL.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Floride</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Patel, Zara M" sort="Patel, Zara M" uniqKey="Patel Z" first="Zara M" last="Patel">Zara M. Patel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">International forum of allergy & rhinology</title>
<idno type="eISSN">2042-6984</idno>
<imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b>
</p>
<p>It has become clear that healthcare workers are at high risk, and otolaryngology has been theorized to be among the highest risk specialties for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this study was to detail the international impact of COVID-19 among otolaryngologists, and to identify instructional cases.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b>
</p>
<p>Country representatives of the Young Otolaryngologists-International Federation of Otolaryngologic Societies (YO-IFOS) surveyed otolaryngologists through various channels. Nationwide surveys were distributed in 19 countries. The gray literature and social media channels were searched to identify reported deaths of otolaryngologists from COVID-19.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b>
</p>
<p>A total of 361 otolaryngologists were identified to have had COVID-19, and data for 325 surgeons was available for analysis. The age range was 25 to 84 years, with one-half under the age of 44 years. There were 24 deaths in the study period, with 83% over age 55 years. Source of infection was likely clinical activity in 175 (54%) cases. Prolonged exposure to a colleague was the source for 37 (11%) surgeons. Six instructional cases were identified where infections occurred during the performance of aerosol-generating operations (tracheostomy, mastoidectomy, epistaxis control, dacryocystorhinostomy, and translabyrinthine resection). In 3 of these cases, multiple operating room attendees were infected, and in 2, the surgeon succumbed to complications of COVID-19.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>
</p>
<p>The etiology of reported cases within the otolaryngology community appear to stem equally from clinical activity and community spread. Multiple procedures performed by otolaryngologists are aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and great care should be taken to protect the surgical team before, during, and after these operations.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32735062</PMID>
<DateRevised><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>08</Month>
<Day>24</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2042-6984</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><PubDate><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>Jul</Month>
<Day>31</Day>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>International forum of allergy & rhinology</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Int Forum Allergy Rhinol</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>International registry of otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeons with COVID-19.</ArticleTitle>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1002/alr.22677</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">It has become clear that healthcare workers are at high risk, and otolaryngology has been theorized to be among the highest risk specialties for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this study was to detail the international impact of COVID-19 among otolaryngologists, and to identify instructional cases.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Country representatives of the Young Otolaryngologists-International Federation of Otolaryngologic Societies (YO-IFOS) surveyed otolaryngologists through various channels. Nationwide surveys were distributed in 19 countries. The gray literature and social media channels were searched to identify reported deaths of otolaryngologists from COVID-19.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">A total of 361 otolaryngologists were identified to have had COVID-19, and data for 325 surgeons was available for analysis. The age range was 25 to 84 years, with one-half under the age of 44 years. There were 24 deaths in the study period, with 83% over age 55 years. Source of infection was likely clinical activity in 175 (54%) cases. Prolonged exposure to a colleague was the source for 37 (11%) surgeons. Six instructional cases were identified where infections occurred during the performance of aerosol-generating operations (tracheostomy, mastoidectomy, epistaxis control, dacryocystorhinostomy, and translabyrinthine resection). In 3 of these cases, multiple operating room attendees were infected, and in 2, the surgeon succumbed to complications of COVID-19.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">The etiology of reported cases within the otolaryngology community appear to stem equally from clinical activity and community spread. Multiple procedures performed by otolaryngologists are aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and great care should be taken to protect the surgical team before, during, and after these operations.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>© 2020 ARS-AAOA, LLC.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sowerby</LastName>
<ForeName>Leigh J</ForeName>
<Initials>LJ</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5825-2759</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stephenson</LastName>
<ForeName>Kate</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7061-1841</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dickie</LastName>
<ForeName>Alexander</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lella</LastName>
<ForeName>Federico A Di</ForeName>
<Initials>FAD</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jefferson</LastName>
<ForeName>Niall</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, John Hunter Adult and Children's' Hospitals, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>North</LastName>
<ForeName>Hannah</ForeName>
<Initials>H</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital Westmead and Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>De Siati</LastName>
<ForeName>R Daniele</ForeName>
<Initials>RD</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Saint-Luc University Hospital, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Maunsell</LastName>
<ForeName>Rebecca</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Herzog</LastName>
<ForeName>Michael</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3091-0331</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Carl-Thiem-Klinikum, Cottbus, Germany.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nandhan</LastName>
<ForeName>Raghu</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Madras ENT Research Foundation, Chennai, India.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Trozzi</LastName>
<ForeName>Marilena</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Airway Surgery Unit, Pediatric Surgery Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dehgani-Mobaraki</LastName>
<ForeName>Puya</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8339-1868</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Association "Naso Sano" Onlus, Umbria Regional Registry of Volunteer Activities, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Gubbio-Gualdo Tadino Hospital, Perugia, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Melkane</LastName>
<ForeName>Antoine</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Callejas</LastName>
<ForeName>Claudio</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6993-4456</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Miljeteig</LastName>
<ForeName>Harald</ForeName>
<Initials>H</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Norwegian Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nesttun, Norway.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Smit</LastName>
<ForeName>Diane</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Reynoso</LastName>
<ForeName>Daniel Dibildox</ForeName>
<Initials>DD</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6223-8477</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology Hospital Medica Sur, Mexico, Mexico.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Moura</LastName>
<ForeName>Joao Eloi</ForeName>
<Initials>JE</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hermansson</LastName>
<ForeName>Ann</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Peer</LastName>
<ForeName>Shazia</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Burnell</LastName>
<ForeName>Lisa</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ENT Morningside, Morningside Mediclinic, Sandton, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fakhry</LastName>
<ForeName>Nicolas</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7070-0780</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Marseille Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chiesa-Estomba</LastName>
<ForeName>Carlos</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9454-9464</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Önerci Çelebi</LastName>
<ForeName>Özlem</ForeName>
<Initials>Ö</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Karpischenko</LastName>
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<ForeName>Zoukaa</ForeName>
<Initials>Z</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami, FL.</Affiliation>
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<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Patel</LastName>
<ForeName>Zara M</ForeName>
<Initials>ZM</Initials>
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<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA.</Affiliation>
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<Month>07</Month>
<Day>31</Day>
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<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">aerosol generating procedures (AGPs)</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">coronavirus</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">morbidity</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">mortality</Keyword>
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<Month>07</Month>
<Day>27</Day>
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<Day>27</Day>
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<ReferenceList><Title>References</Title>
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</Reference>
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